7+ Tips: Embed YouTube Video in Outlook Email, FAST!


7+ Tips: Embed YouTube Video in Outlook Email, FAST!

Integrating multimedia content material, particularly video, into digital correspondence enhances communication and engagement. This course of, relevant to platforms like Microsoft Outlook, sometimes entails incorporating a visible illustration of the video, reminiscent of a thumbnail picture, linked to the video’s internet hosting platform. The recipient can then click on the picture to entry and look at the video on the exterior web site. For instance, as an alternative of attaching a big video file on to an electronic mail, a consumer may embody a linked picture that directs the recipient to a YouTube video.

The power to include video hyperlinks inside electronic mail affords a number of benefits. It reduces the general measurement of the e-mail, stopping points with file measurement limitations and bettering supply charges. Moreover, it permits for monitoring of viewership metrics on platforms like YouTube, offering helpful insights into viewers engagement. The follow turned more and more widespread as web bandwidth improved and video-sharing platforms gained widespread adoption, shifting from embedding precise video recordsdata inside emails, which posed technical challenges and compatibility points.

Understanding the strategies and limitations of inserting YouTube content material into Outlook emails is essential for efficient communication. The next sections will element the accessible approaches, their respective drawbacks, and greatest practices for guaranteeing a seamless viewing expertise for the recipient.

1. Linking

Linking serves as the first methodology for incorporating YouTube content material inside Outlook emails. It bypasses the technical limitations of embedding precise video recordsdata and supplies a user-friendly pathway for recipients to entry the specified video content material. This method entails embedding a hyperlink, sometimes related to a visible component, that directs the recipient to the YouTube platform the place the video might be seen.

  • URL Insertion

    Essentially the most direct methodology entails inserting the YouTube video’s URL into the physique of the e-mail. Outlook mechanically acknowledges the URL and renders it as a clickable hyperlink. Whereas practical, this method lacks visible enchantment and could also be perceived as much less partaking by recipients. As an example, pasting “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ” straight into an electronic mail will create a hyperlink to that video. This methodology ensures accessibility, however sacrifices presentation.

  • Hyperlink Integration

    A extra refined method entails making a hyperlink related to particular textual content or a picture. This permits for larger management over the presentation of the hyperlink inside the electronic mail. A consumer might, for instance, hyperlink the textual content “Click on right here to look at the video” to the YouTube URL. This enhances visible enchantment and supplies a clearer name to motion for the recipient.

  • Thumbnail Linking

    This methodology combines visible enchantment with direct entry. A static picture of the YouTube video’s thumbnail is inserted into the e-mail, and the picture is then hyperlinked to the video’s URL. This creates a visually partaking expertise for the recipient, clearly indicating the content material to be seen. Many on-line instruments and browser extensions automate the method of retrieving the thumbnail and creating the related hyperlink. The effectiveness of this methodology depends on the standard and relevance of the thumbnail picture.

  • Name to Motion Buttons

    Using call-to-action buttons, reminiscent of “Watch Now” or “Be taught Extra,” enhances consumer engagement and clarifies the aim of the hyperlink. These buttons might be designed visually and hyperlinked to the YouTube video. Clear and concise button messaging improves click-through charges, leading to extra recipients viewing the video. This method requires a level of design talent to make sure the button is visually interesting and aligns with the general electronic mail design.

The varied linking methods exhibit the pliability in incorporating YouTube content material into Outlook emails. Whereas the underlying mechanism stays the identical directing customers to an exterior URL the presentation and context surrounding the hyperlink considerably affect consumer engagement. The optimum method relies on the specified stage of visible enchantment, the complexity of the e-mail design, and the audience’s preferences.Linking ensures content material accessibility, enhances electronic mail aesthetics, and supplies clear pathways to exterior video sources.

2. Thumbnail integration

Thumbnail integration is a vital part in successfully conveying video content material inside Outlook emails. As direct video embedding faces compatibility and bandwidth challenges, using a thumbnail picture linked to the YouTube video URL affords a sensible answer. This methodology supplies a visible cue, engaging recipients to click on and look at the video on the exterior platform.

  • Visible Illustration

    The thumbnail serves as a visible proxy for the video itself. A well-chosen, high-quality thumbnail precisely represents the video’s content material and captures the recipient’s consideration. For instance, a thumbnail displaying an attractive scene from a product demonstration video could be more practical than a generic display seize. The number of applicable thumbnails is important for driving engagement in electronic mail campaigns.

  • Click on-By Fee Optimization

    The effectiveness of electronic mail advertising and marketing campaigns regularly hinges on click-through charges (CTR). Embedding a compelling thumbnail, hyperlinked to the YouTube video, can considerably improve CTR. The visible cue offered by the thumbnail encourages recipients to work together with the e-mail, thereby rising the probability of viewing the video content material. A transparent and related thumbnail serves as an invite to have interaction, straight influencing the success of the marketing campaign.

  • Branding and Consistency

    Thumbnails provide a possibility to bolster branding inside electronic mail communications. Incorporating model colours, logos, or constant design parts inside the thumbnail picture maintains visible consistency and strengthens model recognition. A sequence of electronic mail campaigns using a standardized thumbnail design reinforces model identification. Constant branding creates a cohesive expertise, rising model familiarity and recognition amongst recipients.

  • Technical Implementation

    The technical means of embedding a thumbnail entails inserting the picture into the e-mail physique after which hyperlinking it to the YouTube video’s URL. That is sometimes completed by Outlook’s built-in picture insertion and hyperlink instruments. It’s essential to make sure the picture is appropriately sized and optimized for electronic mail show to keep away from distortion or sluggish loading instances. Correct technical implementation ensures the thumbnail is displayed appropriately and the hyperlink capabilities as meant, facilitating a clean consumer expertise.

The mixing of thumbnails straight addresses challenges related to transmitting video content material inside emails. By substituting cumbersome video recordsdata with optimized, visually interesting, and strategically linked thumbnail photos, electronic mail campaigns can improve engagement and model recognition. Thus, thumbnail integration stays an important component in methods of “methods to embed a youtube video in outlook electronic mail” to successfully talk video content material in an environment friendly method.

3. E mail shopper compatibility

E mail shopper compatibility is a paramount consideration when integrating YouTube content material into Outlook emails. Variations in rendering engines and supported options throughout completely different electronic mail shoppers (e.g., Outlook desktop, Outlook internet, Gmail, Yahoo Mail) can considerably affect how the embedded content material is exhibited to the recipient. Lack of compatibility could end in damaged hyperlinks, distorted photos, or the whole absence of the meant visible parts. For instance, an HTML-rich electronic mail that includes custom-styled buttons and embedded thumbnails could render completely in Outlook desktop however seem as plain textual content with damaged picture hyperlinks in older variations of Lotus Notes. This inconsistency undermines the meant consumer expertise and diminishes the effectiveness of the communication.

The sensible significance of understanding electronic mail shopper compatibility lies in the necessity to implement fallback mechanisms and check electronic mail designs throughout a variety of shoppers. Using responsive design rules, which adapt the e-mail’s structure based mostly on the display measurement and shopper capabilities, is a vital mitigation technique. Moreover, using on-line electronic mail testing instruments that simulate rendering throughout a number of shoppers permits senders to establish and deal with compatibility points earlier than deployment. As an example, a marketing campaign designed to advertise a brand new product by a YouTube video ought to be examined in numerous electronic mail shoppers to verify the thumbnail picture and hyperlink perform appropriately, guaranteeing all recipients obtain the meant visible message and may entry the video content material.

In conclusion, electronic mail shopper compatibility represents a major problem within the pursuit of integrating YouTube content material into Outlook emails successfully. Addressing this problem requires proactive testing, the implementation of responsive design methods, and an intensive understanding of the various capabilities of various electronic mail shoppers. By mitigating potential compatibility points, senders can guarantee a constant and fascinating consumer expertise for all recipients, maximizing the affect of the YouTube video content material inside the electronic mail communication.

4. Bandwidth concerns

Bandwidth limitations exert a major affect on methods for incorporating YouTube content material into Outlook emails. Direct video embedding, whereas theoretically doable, is usually impractical as a result of giant file sizes related to video content material. Attaching substantial video recordsdata consumes appreciable bandwidth for each the sender and the recipient, doubtlessly resulting in sluggish sending instances, electronic mail supply failures as a result of measurement restrictions imposed by electronic mail suppliers, and a detrimental consumer expertise for recipients with restricted web connectivity. For instance, sending a 50MB video file to a big distribution record might overwhelm the sender’s community and end in bounced emails for recipients with sluggish or capped knowledge plans. Subsequently, direct embedding is usually averted in favor of different strategies that reduce bandwidth utilization.

The first different, linking to the YouTube video, dramatically reduces the bandwidth burden. As an alternative of transmitting the whole video file, the e-mail incorporates solely a small quantity of information, sometimes a thumbnail picture and a URL. Recipients solely eat bandwidth after they actively select to click on the hyperlink and look at the video on YouTube’s servers. This method additionally permits for optimization of video supply by YouTube, which might adapt the video high quality to the recipient’s web pace, guaranteeing a smoother viewing expertise even with restricted bandwidth. Consequently, utilizing a thumbnail linked to a YouTube URL is a normal follow, particularly when emailing giant teams of recipients who could have various ranges of web entry. Moreover, consideration ought to be given to optimizing the dimensions and backbone of the thumbnail itself to additional cut back bandwidth consumption with out sacrificing visible high quality.

In abstract, bandwidth concerns are a important think about figuring out the optimum methodology for integrating YouTube content material into Outlook emails. Direct video embedding is usually unfeasible as a result of its bandwidth-intensive nature, whereas linking to YouTube affords a sensible answer by minimizing the info transmitted by way of electronic mail. Using optimized thumbnails and leveraging YouTube’s adaptive video supply additional mitigates bandwidth issues and ensures a extra accessible and user-friendly expertise for recipients throughout numerous community situations. The sensible significance of understanding these concerns is enhanced electronic mail deliverability, minimized knowledge utilization, and improved recipient engagement.

5. Different methods

Direct embedding of YouTube movies inside Outlook emails presents technical challenges and compatibility points, thus necessitating the consideration of different methods that obtain related communication objectives with out straight embedding the video content material. These methods usually leverage visible parts and oblique linking to have interaction recipients and direct them to the video on the YouTube platform.

  • Animated GIFs

    Creating a brief, looping animated GIF derived from the YouTube video can function a visually compelling different to embedding the video straight. The GIF, sometimes a couple of seconds in size, captures a key second from the video and is embedded inside the electronic mail. When clicked, the GIF hyperlinks to the total video on YouTube. This methodology affords a dynamic visible component with out the bandwidth burden of a full video file, and supplies broader compatibility throughout completely different electronic mail shoppers. As an example, an organization showcasing a brand new product might create a GIF highlighting its key options and hyperlink it to the total product demonstration video on YouTube.

  • Nonetheless Picture with Play Button Overlay

    This entails inserting a static picture from the YouTube video, sometimes a consultant body or a custom-designed graphic, into the e-mail. A play button icon is then superimposed on the picture to simulate the looks of a playable video. The picture is hyperlinked to the YouTube video URL. This technique leverages the visible expectation of a video whereas minimizing bandwidth consumption. A non-profit group sharing a testimonial video may use this method, creating a way of anticipation and inspiring recipients to click on to view the total story.

  • E mail-Optimized Video Internet hosting Platforms

    Some specialised video internet hosting platforms are designed particularly for electronic mail advertising and marketing. These platforms optimize video supply for electronic mail shoppers, providing options reminiscent of computerized thumbnail era, responsive video gamers (when embedding is supported), and detailed analytics. Whereas indirectly embedding YouTube movies, these platforms enable for embedding or linking to movies hosted on their servers, usually with larger compatibility and efficiency in comparison with direct YouTube embedding. A advertising and marketing workforce might use such a platform to host a promotional video and seamlessly combine it into their electronic mail marketing campaign, guaranteeing constant playback throughout numerous units and electronic mail shoppers.

  • Transcription or Summarization

    As an alternative of making an attempt to show the video straight, the e-mail can present a concise abstract or a full transcription of the video’s content material. This permits recipients to know the video’s message rapidly with no need to click on by to YouTube, notably helpful for recipients with restricted bandwidth or time. The abstract or transcription can then embody a hyperlink to the total video for many who want to delve deeper. A information group might use this method by together with a quick written abstract of a breaking information video, together with a hyperlink to view the total video on YouTube.

These different methods exhibit that efficient integration of YouTube content material into Outlook emails doesn’t all the time necessitate direct embedding. By leveraging visible cues, concise content material supply, and optimized internet hosting platforms, communicators can overcome the constraints of electronic mail shoppers and bandwidth constraints whereas nonetheless partaking recipients and driving site visitors to their YouTube movies. The number of essentially the most applicable technique relies on components such because the audience, electronic mail design, and desired stage of engagement.

6. Person expertise

The consumer expertise is a central determinant of success when incorporating YouTube movies into Outlook emails. The effectiveness of speaking data by video hinges on the recipient’s capacity to seamlessly entry and look at the content material with out encountering technical obstacles or usability points. Elements that affect the consumer expertise embody the visible presentation of the video hyperlink, the loading pace of related parts, and the compatibility of the chosen methodology with numerous electronic mail shoppers and units.

  • Readability of Name to Motion

    The readability of the decision to motion considerably influences whether or not recipients have interaction with the embedded YouTube content material. A transparent and concise instruction, reminiscent of “Watch the video now,” paired with a visually outstanding button or a well-designed thumbnail, will increase the probability of customers clicking to view the video. Ambiguous or poorly designed calls to motion can result in consumer confusion and lowered engagement. As an example, a thumbnail picture with out a play button overlay or a imprecise hyperlink description could not clearly point out that clicking will result in a video, leading to a decrease click-through charge. Efficient communication requires an easy and visually interesting invitation to view the YouTube video.

  • Loading Velocity and Efficiency

    The loading pace of the e-mail and its related parts, reminiscent of thumbnail photos, straight impacts the consumer’s notion of the expertise. Massive, unoptimized photos may cause delays in electronic mail rendering, resulting in frustration and abandonment. Recipients usually tend to have interaction with content material that masses rapidly and easily. Conversely, sluggish loading instances can create a detrimental impression and reduce the probability of future engagement. Optimization methods, reminiscent of compressing photos and utilizing environment friendly HTML code, are important to make sure a responsive and user-friendly expertise. Prioritizing efficiency contributes on to constructive consumer engagement with the embedded YouTube content material.

  • Cell Optimization

    Given the prevalence of cellular electronic mail consumption, cellular optimization is important for a constructive consumer expertise. Emails that aren’t correctly formatted for cellular units can seem distorted or tough to navigate, resulting in consumer frustration. Thumbnails and hyperlinks should be appropriately sized and positioned for smaller screens, and the e-mail structure ought to adapt to completely different display resolutions. For instance, a thumbnail that seems appropriately on a desktop pc could also be too giant or improperly aligned on a cellular gadget, hindering usability. Making certain cellular responsiveness is essential for offering a seamless and fascinating viewing expertise for the rising variety of customers who entry their electronic mail on cellular units.

  • Accessibility Concerns

    Accessibility concerns be certain that the embedded YouTube content material is usable by people with disabilities. Offering different textual content descriptions for thumbnail photos permits display readers to convey the content material to visually impaired customers. Equally, captions and transcripts on the linked YouTube video allow hearing-impaired people to grasp the audio content material. Failure to deal with accessibility can exclude a phase of the viewers and create a detrimental consumer expertise. Designing with accessibility in thoughts broadens the attain of the content material and demonstrates a dedication to inclusivity, enhancing the general consumer expertise.

These parts collectively contribute to the general consumer expertise when integrating YouTube movies into Outlook emails. By prioritizing readability, efficiency, cellular optimization, and accessibility, communicators can create a extra partaking and inclusive expertise that encourages recipients to view the video content material. Addressing these components is important for maximizing the effectiveness of video communication inside the electronic mail surroundings.

7. Cell viewing

The pervasive use of cellular units for electronic mail consumption necessitates cautious consideration of cellular viewing when strategizing on the efficient integration of YouTube movies inside Outlook emails. Disregard for the cellular context can result in a degraded consumer expertise and lowered engagement with the video content material.

  • Responsive Design Implementation

    Responsive design is important for guaranteeing that emails containing YouTube video hyperlinks or embedded thumbnails render appropriately throughout numerous display sizes and resolutions. A non-responsive electronic mail could show outsized photos, damaged layouts, or unreadable textual content on cellular units, discouraging customers from clicking by to the video. As an example, a thumbnail picture designed for a desktop show could overwhelm the display on a smartphone, requiring extreme scrolling and hindering usability. Implementing responsive design rules ensures that the e-mail adapts seamlessly to the cellular surroundings, optimizing the viewing expertise and selling engagement.

  • Optimized Thumbnail Supply

    Delivering optimized thumbnail photos is important for minimizing knowledge consumption and guaranteeing fast loading instances on cellular units. Cell customers usually function below bandwidth constraints or slower community connections. Massive, uncompressed thumbnail photos can considerably delay electronic mail loading, resulting in consumer frustration and potential abandonment. Optimizing photos for cellular viewing entails decreasing file sizes with out sacrificing visible high quality, thereby bettering loading speeds and enhancing the consumer expertise. Utilizing optimized thumbnails ensures that cellular customers can rapidly view and work together with the YouTube video content material.

  • Contact-Pleasant Hyperlink Placement

    The location and measurement of hyperlinks inside the electronic mail physique should be optimized for touch-based interactions on cellular units. Small or intently spaced hyperlinks might be tough to precisely faucet on a touchscreen, resulting in unintentional clicks or consumer frustration. Making certain that hyperlinks are adequately sized and spaced aside improves usability and reduces the probability of errors. Implementing touch-friendly hyperlink placement enhances the cellular viewing expertise and facilitates quick access to the YouTube video content material.

  • Cell-Particular E mail Consumer Rendering

    Completely different cellular electronic mail shoppers (e.g., iOS Mail, Gmail app, Outlook app) could render HTML and CSS otherwise. Testing emails on numerous cellular shoppers is essential to establish and deal with any rendering points which will come up. For instance, sure CSS properties that work appropriately on desktop shoppers could also be ignored or interpreted otherwise on cellular units. Thorough testing and adaptation guarantee constant rendering throughout cellular platforms, offering a predictable and dependable consumer expertise for all recipients.

In abstract, the mixing of YouTube movies into Outlook emails requires a deliberate deal with cellular viewing to make sure a constructive consumer expertise and maximize engagement. Implementing responsive design, optimizing thumbnails, using touch-friendly hyperlink placement, and conducting thorough testing throughout cellular electronic mail shoppers are important steps in making a mobile-friendly electronic mail that successfully directs customers to the video content material. Failing to deal with these mobile-specific concerns can negatively affect the effectiveness of the e-mail marketing campaign and diminish the general communication technique.

Continuously Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread queries and misconceptions relating to the incorporation of YouTube video content material inside Microsoft Outlook emails. The next questions and solutions present readability on the constraints, greatest practices, and technical elements of this course of.

Query 1: Is it doable to straight embed a YouTube video into an Outlook electronic mail in order that the video performs inside the electronic mail itself?

Direct embedding of playable YouTube video content material inside an Outlook electronic mail is usually not possible as a result of compatibility points with numerous electronic mail shoppers and safety restrictions. Most electronic mail shoppers don’t assist the required HTML5 video tags or JavaScript code required for video playback straight inside the electronic mail physique. The beneficial method entails linking to the YouTube video from inside the electronic mail.

Query 2: What’s the beneficial methodology for together with a YouTube video in an Outlook electronic mail?

The usual methodology entails embedding a visually interesting thumbnail picture of the YouTube video inside the electronic mail and hyperlinking this picture to the YouTube video URL. Recipients can then click on on the picture to be redirected to the YouTube platform the place they will view the video. This method supplies a visible cue and encourages engagement with out the technical limitations of direct embedding.

Query 3: How can a thumbnail picture be created and linked to a YouTube video inside an Outlook electronic mail?

The method sometimes entails a number of steps. First, receive an acceptable thumbnail picture from the YouTube video (both straight from YouTube or by taking a screenshot). Subsequent, insert the picture into the Outlook electronic mail physique. Lastly, create a hyperlink on the picture that factors to the whole YouTube video URL. This ensures that clicking on the picture redirects the recipient to the video on YouTube.

Query 4: What are the important thing concerns for guaranteeing electronic mail shopper compatibility when integrating YouTube content material?

Completely different electronic mail shoppers could render HTML emails otherwise. It’s essential to check the e-mail design throughout numerous electronic mail shoppers (e.g., Outlook desktop, Outlook internet, Gmail) to make sure that the thumbnail picture and hyperlink show appropriately. Using responsive design methods and avoiding complicated HTML code can enhance compatibility. Moreover, older electronic mail shoppers could not assist sure options, necessitating a simplified design method.

Query 5: What are the bandwidth implications of together with YouTube video hyperlinks in emails, and the way can these be mitigated?

Whereas linking to YouTube movies reduces the bandwidth burden in comparison with direct embedding, it’s nonetheless important to optimize the dimensions of the thumbnail picture to reduce knowledge consumption, particularly for cellular customers. Utilizing compressed photos and avoiding excessively excessive resolutions may also help mitigate bandwidth issues. The recipient solely consumes extra bandwidth in the event that they select to click on on the hyperlink and look at the video on YouTube.

Query 6: Are there different methods for conveying video content material in Outlook emails if direct linking shouldn’t be fascinating?

Different methods embody creating a brief animated GIF derived from the YouTube video and embedding it inside the electronic mail, linking the GIF to the total video on YouTube. A static picture with a play button overlay will also be used, hyperlinked to the video. Moreover, the e-mail can present a concise abstract or transcription of the video’s content material, with a hyperlink for many who want to view the total video. These options stability visible enchantment with bandwidth concerns and compatibility constraints.

In conclusion, integrating YouTube movies into Outlook emails entails a strategic method that balances consumer engagement, technical limitations, and electronic mail shopper compatibility. Whereas direct embedding is usually not possible, linking by optimized thumbnails and implementing different methods supplies efficient technique of conveying video content material inside the electronic mail surroundings.

The following part will summarize the important thing takeaways from the previous dialogue.

Important Ideas for Integrating YouTube Movies into Outlook Emails

The efficient integration of YouTube video content material into Outlook emails requires adherence to particular tips to make sure optimum consumer expertise and compatibility.

Tip 1: Prioritize Linking Over Embedding: Direct embedding of YouTube movies is usually not beneficial as a result of electronic mail shopper limitations. Linking, utilizing a thumbnail picture related to the video URL, stays essentially the most dependable method.

Tip 2: Optimize Thumbnail Pictures: Guarantee thumbnail photos are visually interesting and precisely characterize the video content material. Compress photos to cut back file measurement and enhance loading pace, notably for cellular customers.

Tip 3: Guarantee Cell Responsiveness: Design emails with responsive layouts that adapt to numerous display sizes. Take a look at electronic mail show on completely different cellular units to verify correct rendering of thumbnails and hyperlinks.

Tip 4: Make use of Clear Name to Actions: Use specific call-to-action phrases reminiscent of “Watch Now” or “View Video” accompanied by visually outstanding buttons to encourage engagement.

Tip 5: Take a look at Throughout A number of E mail Shoppers: Confirm electronic mail show and performance throughout various electronic mail shoppers, together with Outlook desktop, Outlook internet, Gmail, and Yahoo Mail, to establish and resolve any compatibility points.

Tip 6: Contemplate Different Visible Representations: When applicable, make the most of brief animated GIFs derived from the video as a visually partaking different to static thumbnails. Make sure the GIF hyperlinks on to the total YouTube video.

Tip 7: Implement Accessibility Measures: Present different textual content descriptions for thumbnail photos to make sure accessibility for visually impaired recipients.

Adherence to those ideas improves the consumer expertise and maximizes the effectiveness of video-based electronic mail communication. Implementing these greatest practices will yield a seamless {and professional} presentation of video content material.

The next part summarizes the important thing conclusions drawn from this dialogue.

Conclusion

This exploration of “methods to embed a youtube video in outlook electronic mail” has highlighted the challenges and greatest practices related to integrating video content material into electronic mail communication. Whereas direct embedding is usually unfeasible as a result of compatibility and technical limitations, linking by optimized thumbnails and using different visible methods provide viable options. Key concerns embody electronic mail shopper compatibility, bandwidth limitations, and the optimization of the consumer expertise, particularly on cellular units. A strategic method, encompassing responsive design, clear call-to-actions, and accessibility measures, enhances engagement and maximizes the effectiveness of video-based electronic mail campaigns.

In the end, profitable integration hinges on a stability between technical feasibility and user-centric design. As electronic mail shopper know-how evolves, new prospects could emerge, but the core rules of optimization, compatibility, and a seamless consumer expertise will stay paramount. Continued consciousness of those components will allow more practical utilization of video content material inside electronic mail communication.